Institutional Framework and Poverty: A Transition Economy Perspective

This paper focuses on the role of institutions in poverty alleviation, where both poverty and institutions are interpreted broadly. The broadening of the poverty notion is important at least from the policy perspective. Even if one were convinced that higher growth would reduce income poverty to an acceptable margin, there appears to be little concrete policy measures that one may offer so as to harness greater growth. Besides, the weight of the empirical evidence to date, if not squarely founded on the transition economies of the EEFSU region, is that reducing average poverty is not enough. Existing and possibly rising inequality would ensure that a great many would fall through the cracks, and not benefit from high growth, even if that was achievable. The non-income elements of poverty, on the other hand, are more directly open to influence by policy interventions such as the easing of micro credit and other public and private ventures in health, sanitation, literacy and numeracy fronts. Finally the modest amount of information available at our disposal indicates that the underlying strength of the institutions (economic, political and social) is possibly the single most agent of significance to bring about the alleviation of non-income poverty. There is a further possibility that the same institutional forces would also materially affect the income measure of poverty as well in a discernible fashion.

Institutional Framework and Poverty: A Transition Economy Perspective

Institutions, Poverty reduction, Growth

Effect of van-Hove singularities in single-walled carbon nanotube leads on transport through double quantum dot system

The double quantum dot system with single-walled metallic armchair carbon nanotube leads has been studied using Non-equilibrium Green function in the Keldysh formalism. The effect of relative spacing between the energy levels of the dots, interdot tunneling matrix-element, interdot Coulomb interaction and van-Hove singularities in density of states characteristics of quasi-one-dimensional carbon nanotube leads on the conductance of the double quantum dot system has been studied. The conductance and dot occupancies are calculated at finite temperature. It is observed that the density of states of the carbon nanotube leads play a significant role in determining the conductance profile. In particular, whenever the chemical potential of the isolated double quantum dot system is aligned with the position of a van-Hove singularity in the density of states of armchair carbon nanotube leads, the height of the corresponding conductance peak falls considerably. It is further observed that the suppression in the heights of the alternate peaks depends on the relative positions of the energy levels of the dots and their magnitude of separation.Comment: 16 pages and 16 figure

Breathing Modes in Rotating Bose-Condensed Gas: An Exact Diagonalization Study

We present an exact diagonalization study of the breathing mode collective excitations for a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate of $N=10$ spinless bosons interacting via repulsive finite-range Gaussian potential and harmonically confined in quasi-two-dimension. The yrast state and the low-lying excited states are variationally obtained in given subspaces of the quantized total angular momentum $L$ employing the beyond lowest Landau level approximation in slowly rotating regime with $0 \le L < 2N$. For a given $L$, the low-energy eigenspectra (bands) are obtained in weakly to moderately interacting regime. Further, for a given interaction, the split in low-lying eigenenergies with increasing $L$ is the precursor to spontaneous symmetry breaking of the axisymmetry associated with the entry of the first vortex. With increase in repulsive interaction, the value of the first breathing mode increases for stable total angular momentum states L=0~\mbox{and}~N, but decreases for intermediate $0<L<N$ metastable states. The position of the observed first breathing modes in the eigenspectrum remains unchanged as the interaction is varied over several orders of magnitude.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, RevTex two colum